802.1aa

 (802.1X evision)

The 802.1aa protocol is an improvement over the 802.1X protocol. As new EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) methods are continually being developed, the IEEE working group must incorporate changes into the original protocol.

802.1AE

 MAC Security

The 802.1AE MAC Security Protocol provides confidentiality for connectionless user data, frame data integrity, and data origin authenticity by media access independent protocols and entities that operate transparently to MAC Clients (as specified in IEEE Standards 802, 802.2, 802.1D, 802.1Q, and 802.1X).

This standard ensures secure communication over publicly accessible LAN/MAN media for which security has not already been defined, and allow the use of IEEE Std 802.1X, already widespread and supported by multiple vendors, in additional applications. 

802.1af

 Key agreement protocol for Link Security

The 802.1af standard improves upon the 802.1X protocol to establish security associations for 802.1ae MAC Security, and provide media access method independent association discovery. This standard facilitates the use of other industry standard authentication, authorization, and key management protocols. 802.1af will facilitate secure communication over publicly accessible LAN/MAN media for which security has not otherwise been defined, and allow the use of IEEE Std 802.1X, already widespread and supported by multiple vendors, in additional applications.

802.1D

 Bridging (Spanning Tree)

The 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol provides path redundancy while eliminating loops in bridged networks. Path Redundancy ensures that when the main link fails, there is another link acting as backup.Loops appear when there is more than one path available in a network. When the loop appears, the switches see stations appear in both directions. The switch becomes confused and multiple frames are sent.As a solution to this problem, the Spanning-Tree Protocol defines a tree that spans all switches in an extended network. Spanning-Tree Protocol forces certain redundant data paths into a standby (blocked) state. If one network segment in the Spanning-Tree Protocol becomes unreachable, or if Spanning-Tree Protocol costs changes, the spanning-tree algorithm reconfigures the spanning-tree structure and reestablishes the link by activating the standby path. 

802.1P

Priority Support(Classification of Service, COS)

The 802.1P protocol was created as a solution to network traffic congestion. Under ideal situations, a network should have enough bandwidth to cover everyone’s needs, but in reality, congestion often occurs and important traffic is blocked by other non-priority traffic. To ensure quality of service, the 802.1p give Layer 2 switches the ability to prioritize traffic. The Layer 2 switch does this by grouping incoming LAN packets into eight different classes depending on its priority, the higher the number the more important the traffic. Although network managers must determine actual priority assignments, it is recommended that the highest priority is seven, which might go to network-critical traffic such as Routing Information Protocol and Open Shortest Path First table updates. Values five and six might be for delay-sensitive applications such as interactive video and voice. Data classes four through one range from controlled-load applications such as streaming multimedia and business-critical traffic. The zero value is used as a best-effort default, invoked automatically when no other value has been set. In actual operation, the 802.1p reads the priority field from the packet and assigns bandwidth accordingly.

802.1Q

(Tagged) VLAN

The 802.1Q protocol was developed as a way of breaking large networks into smaller parts so broadcast and multicast traffic wouldn't use up more bandwidth than required. The protocol also provides more security between the segmented networks. The subdivided network is called virtual LAN or VLAN. A VLAN is an administratively configured LAN or broadcast domain. Instead of physically moving a cable to a different LAN, network administrators can accomplish this task by configuring a port on an 802.1Q-compliant switch to belong to individual VLANs. The ability to move end stations to different broadcast domains by setting membership profiles for each port on centrally managed switches is one of the main advantages of 802.1Q VLANs.

802.1S

(Multiple)Per VLAN Spanning Tree

 In a Layer 2 network, the 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol is used to provide redundancy and loop-free connections. However, with the advent of 802.1Q virtual LANs, there can be conflicts between the two protocols. If there is more than one link separating VLAN traffic, The 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol could disable some of those paths. The 802.1S protocol solves the problem by supporting multiple spanning trees within a network, allowing network administrators assign VLAN traffic to individual paths.By assigning VLANs to separate spanning-tree structures, network administrators ensure that both VLANs can move across a network freely. The advantage of the 802.1S is that it creates balance of traffic across the network.

802.1v

ProtocolVLAN (phase 2)

IEEE 802.1v provides the capability to support Port-and-Protocol-based VLAN classification, including multiple VLAN ID values per port. In addition to the Port VLAN ID, for bridges that implement Port-and-Protocol-based VLAN classification, the VLAN ID associated with an Untagged or Priority-tagged frame is determined based on the Port of arrival of the frame into the bridge and on the protocol identifier of the frame.Classifying multiple protocols into a single VLAN often imposes VLAN boundaries that are inappropriate for some of the protocols, requiring the presence of a non-standard entity to relay between VLANs the frames bearing the protocols for which the VLAN boundaries are inappropriate. The non-standard relay makes the boundaries of the VLANs transparent to the relayed protocols, depriving those protocols of the benefits of VLANs. The proposed supplement will benefit users of multi-protocol LANs by permitting them to specify VLAN structures suitable for each protocol present in a LAN, and removing the need for a non-standard relay function between VLANs.

802.1w

Rapid Spanning Tree (RSTP)

The 802.1w Rapid Reconfiguration of Spanning Tree protocol was created as an improvement over the original 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol. The 802.1w RSTP improves upon STP by providing rapid reconfiguration capability. Both standards maintain the quality of bridged LAN or media access control (MAC) service. However, RSTP offers greater rigidity and availability. The secret to RSTP’s advantage is shorter recovery time. Once a link is lost or the network structure has changed, STP requires 30 to 60 seconds to detect the changes and reconfigure, greatly affecting network performance. RSTP reduces the time it takes to reconfigure and restore service, less than a second, at the same time RSTP remains compatible with STP.

802.1X

Port-Based authentication

With the new trend in networking mobility, a user's choice of access to a Layer 2 network is not restricted to the same physical port of entry, other choices like wireless devices can be used. This trend in mobility creates a need to identify who is attempting to gain access to a given port. The 802.1X standard provides such a solution. In operation, the 802.1X protocol offers an effective framework for authenticating and controlling user traffic to a protected network, as well as dynamically varying encryption keys. 802.1X ties a common protocol called EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) to both the wired and wireless LAN media and supports multiple authentication methods, such as token cards, Kerberos, one-time passwords, certificates, and public key authentication.

802.3a

Medium Attachment Unit and Base band Medium Specification, Type 10BASE-2

802.3ab

IEEE Standard for Information Technology –Telecommunication and Information Exchange Between System –Local  and  Metropolitans Area Network –Part3:CSMA/CD Access Metode and Physical Layer Specification –Physical Layer Parameters and Specifications for 1000 Mb/s Operation Over 4 Pairs of Category  5 Balanced Copper Cabling , Type 1000 Base-T

802.3ac

IEEE Standard for Information Technology—  Telecommunications and Information Exchange Between Systems—Local and Metropolitan Area Networks—Common Specifications—Specific Requirements—Part 3: CSMA/CD Frame Extensions for VLAN Tagging

802.3ad

(Trunking)

As traffic load increases, many network administrators find themselves running out of bandwidth, the 802.ad Link Aggregation Protocol was created to ease the problem.The 802.3ad standard defines how two or more Gigabit Ethernet connections can be combined to load share, load balance and provide better resiliency for high-bandwidth network connections. The standard applies to 10M, 100M and 1,000M bit/sec Ethernet. Aggregated links can use a combination of these speeds on a single logical link. This increases the options available when you have one remaining gigabit port and three or four 100M bit/sec ports available between switches. You can add link bandwidth as you wish. Network traffic is dynamically distributed across ports, so administration of what data actually flows across a given port is taken care of automatically within the aggregated link.

802.3ae

IEEE Standard for Information Technology—Local     Metropolitan Area Networks—Part 3: CSMA/CD Access Method and Physical Layer Specifications— Media access Control Parameters, Physical Layers and Management Parameters for 10 Gb/s Operation.

802.3b

Supplement to 802.3—Broadband Medium Attachment   Unit and Broadband Medium Specifications, Type 10BROAD-36

802.3c

Supplement to 802.3—Repeater Unit for 10 Mb/s Base band Networks.

802.3i

Supplement to 802.3—System Considerations for  Multisegment 10 Mb/s Base band Networks and Twisted-Pair Medium Attachment Unit and Base band Medium Specification, Type 10BASE-T

802.3j

Supplement to 802.3—Fiber Optic Active and PassiveStar-Based Segments, Type 10BASE-F

802.3t

Informative Annex for Support of 120-Ohm Cables in10BASE-T Simplex Link Segment

802.3u

Local and Metropolitan  Area Networks—Supplement Media/AccessControl(MAC) Parameters, Physical Layer, Medium Attachment Units, and Repeater for 100 Mb/s Operation, Type 100BASE-T

802.3v

Supplement to 802.3—Informative Annex for Support of  150-Ohm Cables in 10BASE-T Link Segment

802.3y

IEEE Standards for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks: Physical Layer Specification for 100 Mb/s Operation on Two Pairs of Category 3 or Better Balanced Twisted-pair Cable (100BASE-T2)

802.3z

Media Access Control Parameters, Physical Layers,     Repeater and Management parameters for 1,000 Mb/s Operation, Supplement to Information Technology— Local and Metropolitan Area Networks—Part 3: CSMA/CD /Access Method and Physical Layer Specifications

802.5j

Token Ring Access Method and Physical Layer Specifications—Fiber Optic Media Station Attachment

802.5r

Token Ring Access Method and Physical Layer Specifications—Dedicated Token Ring Operation

802.5t

Token Ring Access Method and Physical Layer Specifications—100 Mb/s Dedicated Token Ring Operation

802.5v

Token Ring Access Method and Physical Layer Specifications—Gigabit Token Ring operation

802.7

IEEE Recommended Practices for Broadband Local Area Networks

802.9

Information Technology-Telecommunication and Information Exchenge Between Systems-Local and Metropolitan Area Networks-Specific Requirements-Part9:Integrated Service (IS) LAN Interface at the Medium Access Control (MAC)