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Packet-switched networks are built on mesh topologies in which multiple paths to a destination exist. The links in the mesh are point-to-point links joined by routers. A path to a destination may go through any number of routers, and the path may change at any time due to traffic problems or failed links.

Exterior routing is a feature of very large networks such as the Internet. Consider the structure of the Internet. Your organization’s internal network is connected to a local ISP. This local ISP is itself connected to a regional ISP. Finally, the regional ISP is connected to a national backbone network.

The term “extranet” is an outgrowth of “intranet,” a term that describes internal networks that are built with Internet technologies such as TCP/IP, and Web protocols such as HTTP, HTML, and XML. Independent organizations that need to connect their networks together to securely exchange documents or engage in business transactions can do so by using the same Internet and Web technologies—thus the term “extranet.” Extranets are cross-business connections built with private leased lines or encrypted Internet links that allow people and businesses to engage in secure business relationships

Edge Devices		Edge devices are routers, switches, routing switches, IADs (integrated access devices), multiplexers, and a variety of MAN/WAN access devices that provide entry points into enterprise or carrier/service provider core networks. On an enterprise network, edge devices may connect Ethernet and token ring LANs to an ATM backbone, where the ATM network provides a bridge between the edge networks.

EIA (Electronic Industries Alliance)		Founded in 1924, the EIA is a U.S. organization of electronics manufacturers. The EIA has published a number of standards related to telecommunication and computer communication and works closely with other associates such as ANSI and the ITU.

EMI (Electromagnetic Interference)		EMI is waves of energy that emanate from electrical devices and cables. he waves may interfere with the proper operation of nearby devices or the proper transmission of signals in nearby cabling systems. Electromechanical devices emit low-frequency waves, while computer chips and other integrated circuits emit high-frequency waves. If the emissions have sufficient energy are close enough to another device, theywillinterferewiththatdevice.UnitedStatesandinternationalregulatory agencies provide standards that ensure that devices do not exceed certain.

Encapsulation		Encapsulation is the technique of putting information within a packet for delivery to some process or entity. In the networking world, encapsulation takes place in two primary ways: * Packetization When a network application or network process needs to communicate an application or process on another system, data is sent down through the protocol stack. * Tunneling A tunnel describes a way to transmit packets of one protocol across a network that uses a different protocol.

Enterprise Network		An enterprise network is both local and wide area in scope. It integrates all the systems within an organization, whether they are Windows computers, Apple Macintoshes, UNIX workstations, minicomputers, or mainframes. An enterprise network can be thought of as a “plug-and-play” platform for connecting many different computing devices. In this platform scenario, no user or group is an island. All systems can potentially communicate with all other systems while maintaining reasonable performance, security, and reliability.

Ethernet		Ethernet is a shared local area networking (LAN) technology that was developed in the early 1970s by some of the same pioneers who were working on the development of the Internet. The basic design consists of a shared transmission medium in the form of a coaxial cable or amultiport hub. If the medium is a cable, workstations (nodes) are tapped into the cable along its path through a room or building. If a hub is used, workstations connect to the hub via twisted-pair cables in a star-like configuration. Since the communication medium is shared, nodes must listen to make sure the cable is not in use before transmitting. This works well for small LANs, but the sharing scheme runs in to problems as networks grow as will be explained.

Explicit Routing		Packet-switched networks are built on mesh topologies in which multiple paths to a destination exist. The links in the mesh are point-to-point links joined by routers. A path to a destination may go through any number of routers, and the path may change at any time due to traffic problems or failed links.

Exterior Routing		Exterior routing is a feature of very large networks such as the Internet. Consider the structure of the Internet. Your organization’s internal network is connected to a local ISP. This local ISP is itself connected to a regional ISP. Finally, the regional ISP is connected to a national backbone network.

Extranet		The term “extranet” is an outgrowth of “intranet,” a term that describes internal networks that are built with Internet technologies such as TCP/IP, and Web protocols such as HTTP, HTML, and XML. Independent organizations that need to connect their networks together to securely exchange documents or engage in business transactions can do so by using the same Internet and Web technologies—thus the term “extranet.” Extranets are cross-business connections built with private leased lines or encrypted Internet links that allow people and businesses to engage in secure business relationships