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IMA (Inverse Multiplexing over ATM)

IMA is a specification defined by the ATM Forum that provides a way to combine an ATM cell stream over two or more circuits (i.e., T1 lines), thus allowing an organization to lease just the bandwidth it needs. When more than T1 and less than T3 is required, IMA provides a solution. It lets an organization purchase just the bandwidth it needs to transmit ATM cells across a carrier’s network to its remote sites.

IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol)

IMAP is an Internet protocol that allows a client to manipulate electronic mail messages that are stored on a mail server. IMAP is similar to POP (Post Office Protocol), but has new features .It allows clients to manipulate a remote message folder (called a mailbox) in the same way they would manipulate local mailboxes. It supports mail operations that let users create, delete, and rename mailboxes; check for new messages; permanently remove messages; set and clear flags; and search. IMAP (like POP) uses SMTP (Simple Mail Transport Protocol) as its transport mechanism.

IN (Intelligent Network)

IN is the intelligent portion of the public telephone network that contains the logic for routing calls, establishing connections, and providing advanced features such as unique customer services and custom programming of the network. You will also hear about the AIN(Advanced Intelligent Network). It was supposed to provide away for customers to deploy services, but was Never fully developed. The IN consists of a signaling path that is separate from the actual voice call circuit.

An internetwork is a set of interconnected networks that form a single communication system, allowing any node on any network to connect with any other node. The Internet Protocol suite(TCP/IP) and Novell’s IPX/SPX protocol suite are the most common internetworking protocols.

IOS (Internet work Operating System)

IOS is Cisco’s internetwork operating system. Just as PCs have operating systems and LANs have network operating systems, it is Cisco’s belief that internetworks need their own operating systems. Cisco’s goal was to create an operating system that could evolve as the network evolved. IOS supports change and migration through its ability to integrate all evolving classes of network platforms, including routers, ATM switches, LAN and WAN switches, file servers, intelligent hubs, personal computers, and other devices.

IP (Internet Protocol)

The Internet Protocol (IP) is the network layer protocol for the Internet. It is part of the suite of protocols referred to as the Internet protocol suite. Most people just refer to the Internet protocols as TCP/IP.

This topic discusses several approaches to integrating IP and ATM networks, including using ATM networks as the underlying data link for IP networks. ATM has been a major influence in networking since the late 1980s. Many have claimed it to be a superior networking technology due to its speed and ability to provide QoS (quality of service). Today, other network technologies such as Gigabit Ethernet and multilayer switching provide performance benefits and ease of use over ATM. Still, ATM has been installed in many environments and its QoS capabilities support traffic engineering. Many organizations have a need to integrate ATM with their other networking technologies.

IPSec has the goal of providing security services at the IP layer in the Internet protocol stack. Network communication is open to a variety of attacks as discussed under “Security” and “Hacking and Hackers.” IPSec is designed to provide end systems with a method of authenticating one another and to protect data in transit from eavesdropping and attacks.

IP telephony is about the convergence of voice and telephony technologies with the packet-switched Internet technologies.

IPX/SPX (Internet work Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange)

IPX/SPX is the legacy internetworking protocol for Novell NetWare. It was derived from the XNS (Xerox Network System) protocol, which was developed in the 1970s. It is usually just called “IPX,” although some sources refer to it as “IPX/SPX,” “SPX/IPX,” or “Novell protocol.”

Note that TCP/IP is now the primary Novell NetWare internetwork protocol. IPX provides datagram services over packet-switched internetworks. Its basic operation is similar to IP (Internet Protocol), but its addressing scheme, packet structure, and general scope are different.

IRR (Internet Routing Registry)

The IRR is a repository of routing policies on the Internet. Currently, the IRR consists of five independent repositories that contain inter domain routing information and policies.

ISDN(Integrated Services Digital Network)

ISDN is an all-digital telephone system that was originally designed by the world’s telephone companies and service providers as a replacement for the aging analog telephone system. What ISDN does is extend the telephone company’s digital network into the local loop all the way to the subscriber. Traditionally, the local loop is an analog voice circuit. ISDN is based on 64-Kbit/sec channels. These channels are just wide enough to handle a non-compressed digitized voice call.

IS-IS (Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System) Routing

IS-IS is an OSI (Open Systems Interconnection)link-staterouting protocol that dynamically routes packets between routers or intermediate systems. OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is an Internet link-state protocol based on IS-IS.IS-IS (and OSPF) is an interior (intradomain) routing protocol designed to work within an autonomous system (AS). IS-IS routers flood an internetwork with link-state information. Other routers receive this information and build a database that describes all the routes on the network. A routing table is then calculated from this information.

ISO/IEC-11801 Cabling Standards

Cabling standards are developed to provide specifications and design criteria for cabling manufacturers, suppliers, building designers, network architects, service technicians, and others. Cabling standards for data transmissions are meant to define cabling specifications for many years into the future and to support future requirements for high-speed transmissions and network design.

ITU (International Telecommunications Union)

The ITU is an agency of the United Nations that coordinates the establishment and operation of global telecommunication networks and services. It includes governments and the private sector organizations from around the world as its members. ITU activities include coordination, development, regulation, and standardization of international telecommunications, as well as the coordination of national policies. According to the ITU, its goals are “to foster and facilitate the global development of telecommunications for the universal benefit of mankind, through the rule of law, mutual consent and cooperative action.”

IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers)		The IEEE is a nonprofit, technical professional association based in the United States that develops, among other things, data communication standards. It consists of committees that are responsible for developing drafts that are passed on to the ANSI (American National Standards Institute) for approval and standardization within the United States. The IEEE also forwards the drafts to the ISO. The IEEE is composed of working groups that are involved in standards development in a number of areas, including aerospace electronics, circuits, unications, instrumentation, electrical code, nuclear engineering, power electronics, telecommunications, and vehicular technology, among many others.

IEEE 802 Standards		The IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers) is a technical association of industry professionals with a common interest in advancing all communications technologies. The previous topic discusses the IEEE organization. This topic describes the standards developed by the LAN/MAN Standards Committee (LMSC), which develops LAN (local area network) and MAN (metropolitan area network) standards, mainly for the lowest two layers in the OSI reference model. LMSC is also called the IEEE Project 802, so the standards it develops are referenced as IEEE 802 standards, described next. In general, IEEE 802 standards define physical network interfaces such as network interface cards, bridges, routers, connectors, cables, and all the signaling and access methods associated with physical network connections.

IGMP (Internet Group Message Protocol)		IGMP, or Internet Group Management Protocol is one of the key protocols used in IP multicast. IGMP is used by IP hosts to report their multicast group memberships to any immediately-neighboring multicast routers. Routers that are members of multicast groups are expected to behave as hosts as well as routers, and may even respond to their own queries. IGMP is a integral part of IP. It is required to be implemented by all hosts wishing to receive IP multicasts.

IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol)		IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol) The Internet is divided into domains, or autonomous systems. A domainis a collection of hosts and routers that use the same routing protocol and are administered by a single authority. IGPs route within a domain. The EGP (Exterior Gateway Protocol) provides a way for two neighboring routers located at edges of their respective domains to exchange messages and information. On the Internet, IGP is used inside regions and EGP ties the regions together. Common IGPs include RIP (Routing Information Protocol), Cisco’s IGRP (Interior Gate way Routing Protocol), the OSI’s IS-IS (Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System), and the IETF’s OSPF (Open Shortest Path First).

IGRP (Interior Gateway Routing Protocol)		IGRP is a Cisco interior routing protocol based on distance-vector routing. An interior routing protocol is meant to be used inside an autonomous system (an organization’s private network) while an exterior routing protocol operated between autonomous systems. IGRP is a distance-vector protocol, as opposed to a link-state protocol. While link-state protocols are superior, distance-vector protocols are appropriate for small internet works, and require much less configuration and management.

IISP (Interim Inter-switch Signaling Protocol)		IISP provides static routing in ATM networks It is a subset of the NNI(Network-to-Network Interface)specification in ATM in which administrator smanually configure routes .Signaling is also very limited .PNNI(Private Network-to-Network Interface)provides dynamic routing And advanced signaling.

IMA (Inverse Multiplexing over ATM)		IMA is a specification defined by the ATM Forum that provides a way to combine an ATM cell stream over two or more circuits (i.e., T1 lines), thus allowing an organization to lease just the bandwidth it needs. When more than T1 and less than T3 is required, IMA provides a solution. It lets an organization purchase just the bandwidth it needs to transmit ATM cells across a carrier’s network to its remote sites.

IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol)		IMAP is an Internet protocol that allows a client to manipulate electronic mail messages that are stored on a mail server. IMAP is similar to POP (Post Office Protocol), but has new features .It allows clients to manipulate a remote message folder (called a mailbox) in the same way they would manipulate local mailboxes. It supports mail operations that let users create, delete, and rename mailboxes; check for new messages; permanently remove messages; set and clear flags; and search. IMAP (like POP) uses SMTP (Simple Mail Transport Protocol) as its transport mechanism.

IN (Intelligent Network)		IN is the intelligent portion of the public telephone network that contains the logic for routing calls, establishing connections, and providing advanced features such as unique customer services and custom programming of the network. You will also hear about the AIN(Advanced Intelligent Network). It was supposed to provide away for customers to deploy services, but was Never fully developed. The IN consists of a signaling path that is separate from the actual voice call circuit.

Internet working		An internetwork is a set of interconnected networks that form a single communication system, allowing any node on any network to connect with any other node. The Internet Protocol suite(TCP/IP) and Novell’s IPX/SPX protocol suite are the most common internetworking protocols.

IOS (Internet work Operating System)		IOS is Cisco’s internetwork operating system. Just as PCs have operating systems and LANs have network operating systems, it is Cisco’s belief that internetworks need their own operating systems. Cisco’s goal was to create an operating system that could evolve as the network evolved. IOS supports change and migration through its ability to integrate all evolving classes of network platforms, including routers, ATM switches, LAN and WAN switches, file servers, intelligent hubs, personal computers, and other devices.

IP (Internet Protocol)		The Internet Protocol (IP) is the network layer protocol for the Internet. It is part of the suite of protocols referred to as the Internet protocol suite. Most people just refer to the Internet protocols as TCP/IP.

IP over ATM		This topic discusses several approaches to integrating IP and ATM networks, including using ATM networks as the underlying data link for IP networks. ATM has been a major influence in networking since the late 1980s. Many have claimed it to be a superior networking technology due to its speed and ability to provide QoS (quality of service). Today, other network technologies such as Gigabit Ethernet and multilayer switching provide performance benefits and ease of use over ATM. Still, ATM has been installed in many environments and its QoS capabilities support traffic engineering. Many organizations have a need to integrate ATM with their other networking technologies.

IPSec (IP Security)		IPSec has the goal of providing security services at the IP layer in the Internet protocol stack. Network communication is open to a variety of attacks as discussed under “Security” and “Hacking and Hackers.” IPSec is designed to provide end systems with a method of authenticating one another and to protect data in transit from eavesdropping and attacks.

IP Telephony		IP telephony is about the convergence of voice and telephony technologies with the packet-switched Internet technologies.

IPX/SPX (Internet work Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange)		IPX/SPX is the legacy internetworking protocol for Novell NetWare. It was derived from the XNS (Xerox Network System) protocol, which was developed in the 1970s. It is usually just called “IPX,” although some sources refer to it as “IPX/SPX,” “SPX/IPX,” or “Novell protocol.” Note that TCP/IP is now the primary Novell NetWare internetwork protocol. IPX provides datagram services over packet-switched internetworks. Its basic operation is similar to IP (Internet Protocol), but its addressing scheme, packet structure, and general scope are different.

IRR (Internet Routing Registry)		The IRR is a repository of routing policies on the Internet. Currently, the IRR consists of five independent repositories that contain inter domain routing information and policies.

ISDN(Integrated Services Digital Network)		ISDN is an all-digital telephone system that was originally designed by the world’s telephone companies and service providers as a replacement for the aging analog telephone system. What ISDN does is extend the telephone company’s digital network into the local loop all the way to the subscriber. Traditionally, the local loop is an analog voice circuit. ISDN is based on 64-Kbit/sec channels. These channels are just wide enough to handle a non-compressed digitized voice call.

IS-IS (Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System) Routing		IS-IS is an OSI (Open Systems Interconnection)link-staterouting protocol that dynamically routes packets between routers or intermediate systems. OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is an Internet link-state protocol based on IS-IS.IS-IS (and OSPF) is an interior (intradomain) routing protocol designed to work within an autonomous system (AS). IS-IS routers flood an internetwork with link-state information. Other routers receive this information and build a database that describes all the routes on the network. A routing table is then calculated from this information.

ISO/IEC-11801 Cabling Standards		Cabling standards are developed to provide specifications and design criteria for cabling manufacturers, suppliers, building designers, network architects, service technicians, and others. Cabling standards for data transmissions are meant to define cabling specifications for many years into the future and to support future requirements for high-speed transmissions and network design.

ITU (International Telecommunications Union)		The ITU is an agency of the United Nations that coordinates the establishment and operation of global telecommunication networks and services. It includes governments and the private sector organizations from around the world as its members. ITU activities include coordination, development, regulation, and standardization of international telecommunications, as well as the coordination of national policies. According to the ITU, its goals are “to foster and facilitate the global development of telecommunications for the universal benefit of mankind, through the rule of law, mutual consent and cooperative action.”