Tagged VLAN ) 802.1Q(

The 802.1Q protocol was developed as a way of breaking large networks into smaller parts so broadcast and multicast traffic wouldn't use up more bandwidth than required. The protocol also provides more security between the segmented networks.The subdivided network is called virtual LAN or VLAN.A VLAN is an administratively configured LAN or broadcast domain. Instead of physically moving a cable to a different LAN, network administrators can accomplish this task by configuring a port on an 802.1Q-compliant switch to belong to individual VLANs. The ability to move endstations to different broadcast domains by setting membership profiles for each port on centrally managed switches is one of the main advantages of 802.1Q VLANs.

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)  

The Internet Protocol suite is a set of internetworking protocols that is more commonly referred to as “TCP/IP. ”However, TCP/IP refers to only two of the protocols in the Internet Protocol suite:TCP(Transmission Control Protocol)and IP (Internet Protocol).Many other protocols are part of TCP/IP, including UDP(User Datagram Protocol),RTP(Real-time Transport Protocol),and application-level protocols such as FTP and HTTP.

TDM Networks    

Local area networks (LANs) are typically shared by a number of attached systems, and only one system at a time may use the network cable to transmit data. An access method defines  how a system gains access to a shared network in a cooperative way so its transmissions do not interfere with the transmissions of other systems. Simultaneous access to the cable is either revented by using a token-passing method or controlled with a carrier sensing and collision detection method.        

Throughput

Throughput is the number of bits transmitted per second through a communication medium or system. It is also referred to as data rateorwire speed. Throughput is measured after data  transmissions because a system will add delay caused by processor limitations, network congestion, buffering inefficiencies, transmission errors, traffic loads, congestion, or inadequate hardware designs. Throughput varies over time with traffic and congestion. In addition, data is packaged in frames and packets that contain header information, so if you are trying to measure actual data throughput, you need to subtract the bits used for overhead. The topic “Delay, Latency, and Jitter” describes some of the things that affect throughput.   

TIA/EIA Structured Cabling Standards

In the mid-1980s, the TIA (Telecommunications Industry Association) and the EIA (Electronic Industries Association) began developing methods for cabling buildings, with the intent of developing a uniform wiring system that would support multivendor products and  environments. In 1991, the TIA/EIA released the TIA/EIA 568 Commercial Building Telecommunication Cabling standard. Note that the ISO/IEC-11801 Generic Customer Premises Cabling standard is an international cabling standard that is based on the ANSI/TIA/ EIA-568 cabling standard.

Token Ring Network

Token ring is the IEEE 802.5 standard for a token-passing ring network with a star-configured physical topology. Internally, signals travel around the network from one station to the next in a ring. Physically, each station connects to a central hub called a MAU (multistation access unit). The MAU contains a “collapsed ring,” but the physical configuration is a star topology. When a station is attached, the ring is extended out to the station and then back to the MAU as shown. If a station goes offline, the ring is reestablished with a bypass at the station connector. Token ring was popular for an extended period in the late 1980s and 1990, especially in  IBM legacy system environments. IBM developed the technology and provided extensive support for connections to SNA systems.

Topology

 A network topology is the physical layout of a network. There are local network topologies and enterprise network or WAN (wide area network) topologies.

Tunnels

Tunnels are virtual paths across networks that either deliver encrypted packets or packets that Are of a different protocol type than the network itself. When a tunnel is used to delivery foreign  packets, it can be compared to a ferry that carries cars across a river or channel.The tunneling process involves encapsulating a packet from theSource network in to a packet of the intermediate network. When the packet arrives at the Destination network, it is removed from the packet and forwarded on the network.